An inner-Sydney council proposal to regulate the language of shop signs has significant implications for multicultural policy. Strathfield City Council recently voted for a:
The proposal raises two important questions. Is English the “official language” of Australia? And what is the status of community languages other than English?
When speakers of languages other than English are abused for speaking their languages in the street, we are quick to label this as “un-Australian”. Is it not equally “un-Australian” to regulate written language use?
English is not the official language
English is sometimes described as the “national”, “main” or “common” language, and as a “tool for integration”. But Australia has no policy designating English as an official language.
Australia’s multicultural policy also has surprisingly little to say about languages. There is no official protection for languages other than English.
Nevertheless, policy supports community language maintenance and education. In New South Wales, state multicultural legislation :
- individuals and communities are “free to profess, practise and maintain their own linguistic, religious and ancestral heritage”
- all institutions should “recognise the linguistic and cultural assets in the population of New South Wales as a valuable resource and promote this resource to maximise the development of the State”.
How does regulating signs live up to these principles?
Mandating English signage and allowing limited translation amounts to a de facto policy of English as an official language. It signals, in effect, an attitude of multicultural tolerance, not a policy of active multiculturalism.
The Strathfield proposal has attracted the interest of some and the local English and . However, media reports have muddied the waters by using the term “foreign” languages. Critical comments on have questioned whether the policy would ban established English words like “pizza” and “kebab”.
Such reports and comments highlight the difficulty of regulating use of languages on signs. They also miss the underlying issue of the right to use languages other than English in Australia’s multilingual communities.
The 2016 Australian Census shows that . In Sydney, 35.8% of people speak a language other than English at home. Languages are part of the social fabric of everyday life in the city.
So, should local policies on signage in multicultural Australia be limited to tolerance of community languages within an English-dominant framework? Or should these policies recognise the right to expression and full participation for everyone?
itself, 68.5% of the households speak one of 58 languages in addition to English. The biggest language groups are Chinese (Mandarin and Cantonese), Korean, Tamil and Arabic.
These are not “foreign” languages in Strathfield; they are the everyday languages of a multicultural community.
Our research in Strathfield’s commercial centres shows the proposal will mainly affect businesses that display Korean and Chinese script. Most of these businesses already have bilingual or trilingual signage. Signage for one barbecue shop shown here includes Japanese, Chinese, Korean and English.
Why does the language on signs matter?
Multilingual signage is important to the community for many reasons:
- community languages convey the cultural identity of businesses and the authenticity of their products
- community language signs are used for effective communication with speakers of those languages who often make up most of their customers
- displaying community languages in public space is vital to the visibility of the groups that make up a multicultural community, and also a resource for community language learning and maintenance
- the right to use a written language in public is equivalent to the right to use a spoken language.
When speakers of languages other than English are abused for speaking their languages in the street, we are quick to label this as “un-Australian”. Is it not equally “un-Australian” to regulate written language use?
The Strathfield proposal is until June 15. It might not ultimately be implemented. Yet it raises enduring questions about the place of language in Australia’s multicultural policy.
The Turnbull government’s first policy statement on multiculturalism, , stresses that the economy is “strengthened by the skills, knowledge, linguistic capabilities, networks and creativity of our diverse workforce”. So, should local policies on signage in multicultural Australia be limited to tolerance of community languages within an English-dominant framework? Or should these policies recognise the right to expression and full participation for everyone?
, Senior Lecturer in Literacy, and , Professor of Applied Linguistics,
