Amafaranga y'iguzanyo hamwe n'iki kiza vyoba bizotera "umwuzure w'amadeni"?

Ingorane z'ubutunzi muri Australia inyuma y'imyaka 29 zatumye abahanuzi muvy'ubutunzi bisanga barengewe n'abantu ba bahamagara bari mu ngorane z'amadeni, hakaba hariho n'impungenge yuko izo ngorane zishobora guteza indwara zo mu mtwe.

Concerned woman with bills Source: Getty Images

Ibirimwo

• Ishirahamwe National Debt Helpline hamwena Beyond Blue ryasanze yuko uburemere bw’ingurane butera ibibazo vy’indwara zo mu mutwe
• Benshi mu basanzwe bagira inama abari mu bibazo vy’amafaranga baremeza yuko ab’abatumbereye barondera impanuro usanga akenshi batekanye kandi bafise ivyizigiro inyuma yo kuronswa impanuro
• Abikiri bato bihutira gufata ingurane zisaba inyungu y’umurengera kugira ngo babeho umusi k’uwundi

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Umuhanuzi mw’ishirahamawe national Debt Helpline Sarah-Brown aremeza yuko mu gihe giheze amaze kuvugana n’abantu benshi cane bari mu bibazo vy’amafaranga, ariko ingorane zivy’ubutunzi zatewe n’ikiza COVID-19, amenyesha yuko ar’ikintu atari bwabone mu myaka iheze.

Benshi mu banyeshuri bari basanzwe bafise ubuzi imbere yuko Australia isubira guhura n’amakuba yivy’ubutunzi mu kiringo c’imyaka 30 iheze, ubu basigaye basaba imfanshanyo muvyerekeye ubuzima bwabo nk’imfungurwa kbuera yuko bahura n’ingorane zo kuriha amafaranga y’ishuri co kimwe n’inzu.

Icegeranyo cashizwe ahabona n’ishirahamwe Consumer Policy Research Centres cerekana yuko imiyabaga indwi kw’10 yabanye Australia itewe impungenge n’akazoza kivy’ubutunzi bwabo.

Ishirahamawe ritabara abagowe Good Sherpherd rimaze imyaka myinshi cane rirangurira ibikorwa vyaryo muri Australia mu gufasha mu buryo bw’amafanga ibikorwa bito btio  co kimwe no gufasha abatishoboye.

Umuyobozi nshingwabikorwa muriryo shirahamwe Megan McAlpine yamenyesheje yuko abimukira bakiri kuri visa z’agateganyo bankiwe imfanshanyo y’amafanga itangwa na reta bariko baritura iryo shirahamwe ryabo.

Yavuze yuko abasinzikajwe n’ingaruka za COVID-19 ar’abakiri bato, abimukira bashasha hamwe n’abakenyezi.

Source: Getty Images/Catherine Falls

Umwihwezo wiwe werekana yuko abanye Australia bari hagati y’imyaka 18 na 34 bafise amahirwe yo kuba barafashe ingurane mu mashirahamwe atanga ingurane yigenga, amafaranga  yo kwungukira canke barafashe ingurane muri banke mu ntumbero yo kuraba ingene bobaho umusi k’uwundi.

Brown-Shaw yavuze yuko abafise amikoro make canke bagoka kugira ngo baronke icorirenza birabagora kuronka ingurane, ni kuri urwo rwego abantu b’abahanuzi nkawe baca bafasha mu mpanuro zo kubafashisha ivyiyumviro vyobafasha.

Amwe mu mategeko asabwa mu gihe umuntu asavye ingurane, nuko uwuyatanze ategerezwa gusuzuma kandi akemeza yuko nyene gusaba ingurane afise ubushobozi bwo kuriha iyo ngurane.

Brown-Shaw akaba yamenyesheje yuko iyo umuntu ari mu bihe bigoye ac agenda mubasanzwe bagurana amafaranga usanga badasuzuma bikwiye ko umuntu afise ubushobozi bwo kuriha imbere yuko batanga ingurane nkuko baki zibikora.

Yavuze kandi yuko iyo abantu bakiri bashasha mu gihugu ntibamenya aho bashobora gusaba ingurane batarinze kubasaba inyungu z’umurengera.

Abantu akenshi bagenda gusaba izo ngurane cankegusaba ingurane zihuse- hariho ingorane nini cane izo ngurane zizanana.

Financial Rights Legal Centre n’igisata c’ishirahamwe National Debt Helpline naco kikba gitanga impanuro k’ubutnu kur’uwo wese ari mu bibazo vy’amafaranga.

Iyo umuntu ari mu bihe bigoye akenshi usanga afata n’ingingo zidatomoye, umukukuruke mu bijanye n’ubushingwamanza jen Lewis araburira abantu kwirinda ingurane mwen’izo ku buryo bushoboka bwose.

Lewis  akunda kuronka abantu bamuhamagara bari mu bibazo vy’amafaranga nyuma yaho konte (accounts) zabo usanga zigaragara badashobora kwigurira ivyankenerwa vy’umusi k’uwundi nyuma yo kuriha ingurane baba bafashe canke centrelink akenshi zikorwa mu buhinga bwa none.

Muri rusangi izo ngurane usanga zifise inyungu z’umurengera. Akenshi usanga uriko urariha incuro nyinshi cane amafaranga uba watoye nk’ingurane.

Amwe murayo mashirahamwe atanga ingurane iyo aguhaye ayarenze $2,000 akenshi baca bagusaba ko utanga ingwate y’imodoka.

Ico ivyo bisigura nuko iyo modoka iba iri mu ntoki z’uwaguhaye iyo ngurane mu gihe cose udashoboye kwishura ku mwanya iyo ngurane.

Ingaruka z’ivyo nuko utaba ugifise uboshobozi bwo gukoresha iyo modoka ngo uje mu kazi kawe canke ngo uyikoreshe mu gutwara canke gutora abana kw’ishuri kuko imodoka itaba ikiri mu minwe yawe.

Ivyo vyose bigushira ahantu usanga utegerezwa gufata iyindi ngurane yihuta kugira ngo ubashe kuriha ingurane ya mbere aho ni ho ukwiye gutahura yuko waguye mu mitego y’izo ngurane.

Brown arasaba abantu kwitondera kandi izndi ngurane zaje zihinduye amasura aho zozo ziguha ico ukeneye hama ukakiriha bukebuke canke aho usanga izo ngurane zikubwira ngo ugure ikintu ugitware hama  bakagushiriraho urutonde rw’ingene uzohora uriha buke buke mu nyuma, ivyo navyo bigatuma ushobora kwisanga ufise amasezerano n’aho wafashe ingurane henshi.

Source: Getty Images/miodrag ignjatovic

Hamwe n’ibice cumi kw’ijana vy’abanye Australia bishobora kuba bidafise akazi ni hagera muri kigarama, benshi mu bakozi baratakaje utuzi twabo, abandi nabo bakagabanyirizwa amasaha y’akazi bidasanzwe ku buryo usanga izo ntambamyi zaragabanije ubushobozi bw’abantu kuriha izo ngurane uko bategerezwa.

Mu gihe wihenze ugasiba kuriha, aho niho uwaguhaye ingurane atangura akuronkera akaryo ko ku guca inyungu z’umurengera hamwe n’ibindi.

McAlpine yagabishije yuko iyindi ngurane yo kwirinda izwi nka “rent-to buy” aho usanga ukodesheje ikintu, uko ukiriha ukaba uriko uracigarurira bwegu. Ubwo buryo bw’ingurane butezwa imbere nk’inzira yo kwerekana yuko ushobora kuronka ivyo ukeneye umusi k’uwundi.

Mu bisanzwe n’uburyo buzimvye cane bwo kugura ivyo bintu uba ukeneye kandi usanga bufise inyungu ziri ku rwego rwo hejuru rwose.

Nubwo bigaragara nkaho gusaba ingurane zawe zose bazishire hamwe vyumvikana neza, Lewis agira inama abantu yo kurondera ubufasha mbere n’ambere muri National Debt Helpline.

Kwinjira mu gice 9 c’amasezerano y’ingurane bisigura yuko uba waherewe ata n’ifaranga usigaranye uri banke yawe. Muri rusangi haba hakiriho amahirwe menshi cane kuri bo.

Jen lewis yavuze yuko ishirahamwe financial Right legal Centre rirashobora gufasha abo bafise ingurane gutatura amatati yabo bafitaniye ingurane mu gihe bizera yuko bahawe ingurane badashora kwishura canke mu gihe iyo ngurane idahuye n’ico wayisabiye.

Hariho uburyo buhari bwo gutatura ayo matati k’ubuntu kugira haguca hirya no hino iyo ngurane kandi mu gihe ugize amahirwe ugatsinda uca uriha ayo wahawe nk’ingurane gusa.

Megan McAlpine yavuze yuko hirya yo gutanga impanuro kuvy’amafaranga gusa kubasanzwe bari mu ngorane, ishirahamwe Good Shepherd naryo riratanga ingurane idasaba inyungu canke indishi iyariyo yose kubataronswa uburenganzira bwo kuba muri Australia vyemewe n’amategeko, bazwi nka “permanents residents” mu gihe baba bakeneye nko kugura imashini yo kumesura, ivyankenerwa vy’ishuri, ibikoresha vyo mu nzu na rimwe rimwe kuriha ibitaro.

Iyo ngurane ishobora ku ngana na $1,500 kandi igahabwa abantu bafise ikarata yo kw’ivurizako canke abantu bahembwa amafaranga ari musi $45,000 ku mwaka kandi antu benshi bararonka iyo ngurane.

Iryo shirahamwe Good Shepherd rifatwa mu mugongo na reta ifadikanije n’ibanki Natinal Australia Bank (NAB) risanzwe rinafasha mu gutanga ingurane ijanye no mu kwitunganya mu bikoresho vyo mu nzu ku bantu batakaje ubuzi bwabo bitewe n’ikiza COVID-19 kugira ngo bashobore kuriha inzu co kimwe n’ibindi vyankenerwa.

Umuntu asaba ingurane ar’umwe akwiye uba ahembwa ayari musi $60,000 canke $100,000 mu gihe ufise umuryango canke abandi bantu bose witwararika.

Iyo ngurane ihabwa uwo wese afise viza izorangira inyuma y’ikiringo iyo ngurane gishobora kumara; aho usanga ari hagati y’amaezi 12 na 24.

Amafaranga yo kwishura ahabwa uwaguhaye ibikoresho canke ishirahamwe ryaguhaye iyo ngurane canke ico wafashe cose.

McAlpine yizera yuko abantu benshi boba baremewe n’amadeni canke ingurane, ikintu yagereranije n’umwuzure “Tsunami”.  Yavuze yuko benshi barengewe kubera ingurane bafashe imbere y’ikiza COVID-19 hamwe n’ingaruko ico kiza cagize k’ubutunzi.

McAlpine aranenga cane amashirahamwe atanga ingurane kubera yuko yorohereje abashaka gusaba ingurane zibatera ibibazo na cane cane ingurane ufata ico ushaka hama ukakiriha mu nyuma izwi nka “Afterpay” ibayeho mu myaka mike iheze.

Source: Getty Images/BeyondImages

Brown-shaw aremeza neza yuko ingurane ari ikibazo kidasanzwe kubasanzwe bagira inama abantu na cane cane abantu baremerewe n’ingurane nyinshi barashobora kugwa mu mutego wo kwisubiriza mu gufata izindi ingurane mu gihe basanzwe barengewe n’ingurane bafashe.

Ivyo rero bigatuma baja mu zindi ngorane nyinshi zirenze ku buryo basanga batagishobora kuriha ingurane bafashe.

Brown-Shaw yavuze yuko mu bisanzwe guhamagara National Dept Helpline ubwa mbere ar’ico kibazo nyamukuru ku bantu batari bwigere bashikirwa n’ibibazo vy’amafaranga.

Bamwe barashidikanya guhamagara kubera ubwoba bwo gutanga umwirondoro wabo haba ku mukoresha wawe canke muri banki ubikamo.

Hamwe n’ivyo Brown-Shaw arahumuriza uwo wese yohamagara mu ntumbero yo gusaba impanuro yuko ico kiyago kibera mw’ibanga kandi atawundi muntu abimenyeshwa.

Ikindi mwomenya ngo nuko ataguciranira imanza biba murico kiyago kandi yuko ar’ikiyago kibera mw’ibanga.

Ukaba urengere ukeneye ubufasha, hamagara Beyond Blue kuri 1300 22 4636 canke Lifeline kuri 13 11 14.

Ukaba ukeneye impanuro z’ubutungane k’ubuntu kandi mw’ibanga mu bijanye n’amafaranga, hamagara ikigo National Debt Helpline kuri 1800 007007

Ukeneye amakuru kw’ishirahamwe  Good Shepherd n’ingene ritanga ingurane atanyungu canke amafaranga ubanza kuriha, gendera urubuga rwabo ngurukanabumenyi canke uhamagare kuri 1300 121 130

Ushobora gushikira uwo wese asanzwe aguha serivisi runaka unakeneye n’umusiguzi/umusemuzi ukamuronka mu guhamagara abasemuzi/abasiguzi kuri 13 14 50